Third Tithe

If you are here to read an article on third tithe, chances are you are from an Armstrongist church or you have somehow come in contact with one. For those unfamiliar with Armstrongism, they preach mandatory tithing. As Bereans Did has multiple articles on tithing (see our Categories page). Those articles compare and contrast what the Bible says and what ancient Israel did versus what the Armstrongist splinter churches practice currently. That's what we do here.
Today, I want to look at that third tithe. We will focus on the two main proof-texts used, from Deuteronomy 14 and 26. We are going to put the third tithe through the patented As Bereans Did gauntlet. Will it survive?

But before we begin, let's get something straight....

Tithing, as a system, was unique to the Old Covenant. Regardless of what someone might tell you about Abraham and Jacob tithing, there was no law for them (or us). What Abraham and Jacob did and what the Old Covenant law says to do are not the same. For example, Abraham gave a tenth of war spoils (then gave the rest away) whereas in Israel spoils were either not tithed at all or they were given at a far lower fraction than tenth. And Jacob negotiated his tithe as a reciprocity for God blessing him first. In Israel, it was non-negotiable. Just because Abraham and Jacob did a thing does not mean we must do that thing, else we would all be offering burnt sacrifices. Trying to bind tithing on us by referencing the priesthood of Melchizedek is also a dead end for the same reasons. Melchizedek accepted war spoils from Abraham. There is no mention of any other tithe there. No law. No precedent. No further examples. To say, "Jesus is in the order or Melchizedek," cannot bind anyone to anything beyond what the story of Melchizedek tells us. Melchizedek was not a priest of the Old Covenant. What Israel did with spoils and funding the priesthood when they left Egypt and what Israel did a century later are not the same. That is simply a fact. My point in this is - trying to shoehorn an Old Covenant law into the New Covenant will fail.
I am not a proponent of required tithing in the New Covenant era. I am opposed to any taking of law from the Old Covenant and by fiat moving it forward into the New Covenant (see our article "Confusing the Covenants"). Does tithing set a decent example of giving? Only when properly understood! Tithes were not gifts, they were mandatory, and accompanied with an oath. The system today is freewill giving. In the early church, people would sell extra land and items and give it all to the church. That's more than a tenth. And Peter once said, "Silver and gold I do not have, but what I do have I give you". That's giving of a completely different sort. The Lord loves a generous giver.

I know some out there might think I am only here to do anything and everything I can to trash the idea of third tithe. I promise you that is not the case. That is not how the As Bereans Did patented gauntlet works. I am only interested in investigating the issue from the whole and best evidence I can find without insisting on a particular conclusion. In the absence of forcing a conclusion because I demand that conclusion, things turn out the way they do on their own. If it's valid then it's valid, and if not then not. The truth can take care of itself. But this I will say - if you are not prepared to challenge, or even change, your ideas, or if you search only to be affirmed, As Bereans Did articles aren't going to be very valuable to you.

BASICS

Tithing is one of the main pillars of Herbert Armstrong's doctrine. I think there are five main pillars in the system, mostly from the Old Covenant:

• Weekly seventh-day Sabbath
• Seven annual holy days
• Tithing (10% on money income) x3
• Clean/unclean meats
• End-times prophecy

See how tithing is multiplied by three there? Traditionally, Armstrongism recognizes three tithes. Yes, 30%, all off the gross. The first tithe goes to the church, the second is retained and set aside to fund the annual holy days (actually, just the Feast of Tabernacles), and the third goes to the church to assist needy church members (which is not always how it is used).

The third tithe only happens every third year. So, it's not like every year they are paying 30% of their income. In no year is the amount ever 10%, but in the third year, all total, the amount coughed up can be well in excess of 30%.

There is at least one notable splinter church, the United Church of God, who now rejects third tithe. But overall, that's how things go in broad strokes.

You can imagine what losing 30%+ of your income would do to a family. Some endure extreme poverty every third year. Canned beans have been a staple meal for some families. The alternative is simply not to pay that third tithe. Some few do get an extraordinary dispensation to skip third tithe, as this tithe was supposed to go to the poor not come from them. But to discourage people from seeking an out from the third tithe, a stream of stories are released telling tales of the unexpected blessings one receives by giving the third tithe. "You cannot outgive God," is frequently repeated. I personally attended a COG splinter church where one man would talk about blessings during the third tithe year and at the same time another man would talk about wearing shoes with holes during third tithe year. As a young man with very little to my name, I decided to skip third tithe. I felt pretty blessed by that. In addition, it was frequently said that since the third tithe is for the poor, and since most societies have a social safety net (e.g., Welfare and Social Security in the U.S.), then the third tithe was not necessary. I tend to agree with that, but if the entire reason why we're talking about this in the first place is "God's law" then how can you just bypass it?

If so many obvious blessings, then why so many attempts to circumvent it? If it was required in the unchanging law, then why try to get out from under it via social safety nets? If it was intended to go to the poor, then why require it of the poor? And why did it not actually go to the poor, all of it? It was well known that third tithe was not actually exclusively employed to assist to members in need. (That is not to say the churches did not do anything for their own poor members, but members were offered some form of assistance if requested, which was sometimes required to be paid back, rather than being handed a fair share of the third tithe.)

JEWISH PRACTICE

When talking about the Old Testament it is only natural to ask, do the Jews recognize third tithe? Yes! ...and no.

There is evidence in Rabbinical literature and some ancient sources like Josephus and Philo to support the notion of three tithes. I will start with the modern Jews and get to the ancient ones in a bit.
This from the Jewish Encyclopedia article on Tithes:

"...there were three kinds of tithes: (1) that given to the Levites as stated in Num. xviii. 21 et seq., and termed "the first tithe" ("ma'aser rishon"); (2) the tithe which was to be taken to Jerusalem and there consumed by the landowner and his family, and which was termed "the second tithe" ("ma'aser sheni"), it being taken from what remained after the first tithe had been appropriated; and (3) that given to the poor ("ma'aser 'ani"). Therefore two tithes were to be taken every year except in the seventh year: Nos. 1 and 2 in the first, second, fourth, and fifth years; Nos. 1 and 3 in the third and sixth years."
- Joseph Jacobs, M. Seligsohn, Wilhelm Bacher. (2021). "Tithe". Jewish Encyclopedia. https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14408-tithe.

To summarize, the Jews recognize three tithes but in any given year only two were taken. 

Notice the second and third tithes are the same tithe. Hence why I say yes and no. The difference is in how it is used. For two years it is taken on the three annual pilgrimage festivals to Jerusalem to be enjoyed by the one who gave it, and for one year it was collected locally and given to the local poor and the Levite.

One additional thing to bring to your attention here: there was no tithe at all in the seventh year. How can this be? Because of the Land Sabbath (EXO. 23: 10-11; LEV. 1-7, 20-22). Since tithing was primarily of the land, and because certain verses were very specific about the tithe coming from grains, then there could be no tithe in the seventh year. Granted, the tithe of the sixth year would be more. Still, all sources that I could find agree that there was no tithe at all in the seventh year, the Year of Release. Why there would be no tithe on items like cattle or fruit trees, neither of which stop in the seventh year, is unknown to me at this time. Some sources seem to suggest they did not stop, others say there was no tithe in the seventh year because it was the Year of Release.

One last thing to bring to your attention here: the tithes are not all equal in size. They are not all taken from the gross total. The first tithe was taken off the top, then the second/third tithe from what was left over. This effectively makes the second/third tithe 1/10th smaller than the one before it. Tithes were not 10% of the gross total, but 1/10th of the increase you had before you. This forces each tithe to be smaller than the previous. (See our article "Tithing - You're Doing It Wrong" for more.)

Armstrongism would be challenged by this arrangement, since the second tithe is understood as the primary means of funding the Feast of Tabernacles, and since they recognize no seventh year break, and since all tithes are taken as 10% of the entire income as a whole. How can there be a Feast without funding? (Bear in mind the unchanging law says to go three times a year, not just once.) And how can there be a Millionaire's Row or the Tsar's gold flatware or $2,500 bottles of Remy Martin Louis XIII cognac in the special baccarat decanter or television shows or ads in the Reader's Digest without a constant stream of money, money, and more money? Why become a false prophet in the first place if not to soak sheep of their money?

So, we have a dilemma - Jews or Armstrong? We need more evidence to help us decide. The two places in the Bible to get that evidence are Deuteronomy 14: 28-29 and 26: 12.

DEUTERONOMY 14

Let's go to Deuteronomy 14, but let's start in verse 22.

(DEU. 14: 22-23) 22 You shall truly tithe all the increase of your grain that the field produces year by year. 23 And you shall eat before the Lord your God, in the place where He chooses to make His name abide, the tithe of your grain and your new wine and your oil, of the firstborn of your herds and your flocks, that you may learn to fear the Lord your God always.

Anyone from the Armstrongist system will recognize these verses. "They describe the second tithe." These verses are seen as the tithe for funding the Feast of Tabernacles, because it says this tithe is taken to "the place where the Lord places His name" (which actually refers to where the Holy of Holies was kept, but Armstrongism interprets it as meaning any and all cities where the church chooses to host a Feast of Tabernacles site).

You might be thinking I've started too soon, in the wrong section. I came here for a reason. A textual reason.

The lack of any clear thought-break between verses 27 and 28 creates some options:
1) Is 14: 28 an unbroken continuation of the prior section that starts in verse 22, thus taking from second tithe?
2) Or, does 14: 28 start a completely new idea but take from the first tithe?
3) Or, does 14: 28 start a completely new idea that institutes a separate third tithe?
All options have their supporters and their complications.

1) Second Tithe

If you side with verse 28 being an unbroken continuation, that means the tithe mentioned in verse 28 is one and the same as the tithe mentioned in verse 22. In other words, the second tithe and the third are the same tithe. This option damages both second and third tithes.

It damages the second because in that year the tithe was not to go to "the place where the Lord places His name" but it was to be stored up and given to the local Levite, the poor, and the needy. This means every third year the second tithe was not used for funding holy days. It became a local fund instead.

(DEU. 14: 28) At the end of every third year you shall bring out the tithe of your produce of that year and store it up within your gates.

This damages the third tithe because there is no distinct third tithe here at all. The second tithe becomes the third.

You should know, this appears to be the option the Jews go with. This from the Jewish Encyclopedia article on Tithes:

"Every third year the tithes were not to be carried to the city of the Temple, but were to be stored at home ("within thy gates"), and "the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow" were to "eat and be satisfied" (ib. verse 29). It is to be concluded that, the seventh year being a Sabbatical year and no tithing being permissible therein, the tithe of the first, second, fourth, and fifth years of every cycle of seven years had to be brought to the Temple and eaten by the landowner and his family, while the tithe of the third and sixth years was to be left at home for the poor."
- Joseph Jacobs, M. Seligsohn, Wilhelm Bacher. (2021). "Tithe". Jewish Encyclopedia. https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14408-tithe.

A big difference exists between how the Jews view the second tithe and how Armstrongists view it. Armstrongists view it as a means to pay for the Feast of Tabernacles. Jews view it not as a means to pay for the holy days but as a bonus to be enjoyed at the holy days. The funding was entirely separate.

The biggest fault in this option is that all males still needed to go to "the place where the Lord places His name" three times each year, "and they shall not appear before the Lord empty-handed" (DEU. 16: 16).

2) New Idea Taking From First Tithe

Some people feel verse 28 starts a completely new idea, but it does not institute a new tithe, rather it gives modified instructions for the first tithe. This is similar to option 1. Where the Jews see the third and second tithes as being the same, some people feel the third and first tithes are the same. This option complicates the first tithe and damages the third tithe.

This complicates the first tithe because these tithes always went to the Levites. If you read DEU. 14: 29, you can see the first group mentioned to whom this third tithe was given is the Levite. Why mention the tithe should go to the Levite if the tithe already went to the Levite? Then again, the way the Bible is written, it almost makes sense. God is big on details like this. So, if the tithe was for the Levite normally but for the Levite and the poor in the third year, mentioning the Levite does fit the pattern of how the Bible is worded elsewhere.
Of course, this would mean the Levites and the Aaronic Priests lived on less in the third year. I do not find this to be a deal breaker because no matter what you do - add a tithe or modify an existing tithe - someone is going to live on less.

This damages the third tithe because there is no distinct third tithe here at all. The first tithe becomes the third.

The biggest fault in this option is the lack of historical support. I can find nothing in modern or ancient Jewish literature to support this option. I can't imagine any Levites would be in favor of this.

3) New Idea Creating A Third Tithe

Some people feel verse 28 starts a completely new idea and creates a distinct tithe in the third year. This does not complicate the first or the second tithes at all. It does not make the Levites live with less, in fact it appears to offer them even more than normal because now they get the entire first tithe and part of the third. We just need to find some support for this option.

Josephus actually writes about tithes in his book "Antiquities of the Jews":

"(22) Besides those two tithes, which I have already said you are to pay every year, the one for the Levites, the other for the festivals, you are to bring every third year a third tithe to be distributed to those that want; (23) to women also that are widows, and to children that are orphans."
-Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews", book IV, chapter 8, verse 22-23, from Early Jewish Writings https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant4.html.

Isn't that odd now? Josephus clearly supports option 3 even though the modern Jewish Encyclopedia sides with option 1. I guess it's true what they say - where there are two Jews there are three opinions.

Do we have any other evidence from antiquity? Yes. Evidence comes to us from the apocryphal book of Tobit.

(TOB. 6: 8a) But every third year, I would give a third tithe to widows and orphans and to foreigners living among my people, and we would eat the festival meal together.

Armstrongists usually rail against the apocryphal books, calling them all forms of negativity. I bet they aren't doing that right now. Say what you will about Tobit, it is without a doubt an old writing. In this case, old equals good.

Additionally, Josephus and Tobit make it clear the three tithes were distinct from other requirements such as sacrificing the first fruits of harvest and cattle. The third year must have been quite the leap of faith!

The biggest fault in this option is ... well, there is no particular fault. It's pretty sound.

I am forced to side with option 3! The best candidate of the three options is #3: there is a distinct third tithe in the Old Covenant. Herbert Armstrong was actually right.
Bet you didn't see THAT coming, did ya?

But, we aren't quite done yet. Let's go to Deuteronomy 26.

DEUTERONOMY 26

(DEU. 26: 12a) When you have finished laying aside all the tithe of your increase in the third year—the year of tithing...

Even though the case for a third tithe is solid by this point, I wanted to come here anyway to look at a certain detail.
See verse 12 there, how it says, "in the third year"? Contrast that with Deu. 14: 28 where it says, "At the end of every third year". Some people who simply abandon Jewish history and attempt to define these things on their own get confused over them. Why? Why reinvent the wheel on a point like this? They aren't tithing according to what the laws says anyway, so why get hung up on a detail like this? Yet, alas, the weeds are too tempting a place to play for some.

There is quite a bit of consensus that "in" and "at the end of" mean the same thing. It had to be the same thing since all the people acted all together. What was that time? It depends on what was tithed. Different dates were necessary since the items tithed upon cannot all be stored up for the same length of time without rotting.

From the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Temple Scroll 11Q19 [p.166 of that link] mentions two dates: the Day of Firstfruits (which happens after Passover day during Unleavened Bread) and the 3rd of Av (Day of New Wine). It is unclear if there were other dates.
The Mishnah, on the other hand, lists three different dates to gather tithable items. Grain, wine, oil, and vegetables were the 1st of Tishri. Fruit trees were the 15th of Shavat. Cattle were not part of the third tithe but their day was 1st of Elul.

So, you see, it depends.

Is this a huge point to inspect? No. But I have read many articles recently and there seems to be confusion on this point. I find it perplexing that so many who bind themselves to Old Covenant law seem to be comfortable with a "make it up as you go along" approach to things. Throwing away clear Bible instruction (like what to tithe on and to whom) then striving against unclear instruction (like when the year of tithing begins and ends) seems to me to be straining out a gnat and swallowing a camel.

THE THIRD YEAR

There is one final detail I want to bring up. When the bible says "third year" what does it mean?

The nation of Israel worked altogether as one in cycles. There was a weekly cycle of seven days. There was a Pentecost cycle of seven weeks. There was an annual cycle of seven years. And there was a Jubilee cycle of 7x7 (49) years. These cycles were not independent per each citizen of Israel, they were communal. Everyone followed the same cycle at the same time. In Armstrongism, tithing is personal. Each person independently tithes 20% for two years then 30% on the third year, based on when they were baptized. That is not how it went in Israel. It was communal.

All Israel experienced at one and the same time an event the Bible calls "the year of tithing" (DEU. 26: 12a). The question is: was this only year 3 out of 7, or was it years 3 and 6 out of 7? As with everything else in this life, you can find articles supporting either option. When I first started researching for this post I used DuckDuckGo to search for "year of tithing" and its AI assistant told me it's year 3 out of 7. The most reliable evidence I've found since, however, sides with years 3 and 6 out of 7. Lesson: take AI with a big grain of salt.

But I want you to be aware of something here. Saying "years 3 and 6 out of 7" is not the same as saying "every third year". Why not? Because Israel was in a seven-year cycle. After year seven, it resets. I will explain.

Ancient Israel worked on a cycle of seven years. That is 1 through 7, then 1 through 7, then 1 through 7, repeatedly. When we say "every third year" it can be misunderstood as 1 through 3, then 1 through 3, then 1 through 3, repeatedly. The difference comes crashing in at year 9. In a 7-year cycle, year 9 is not a third tithe year. In an "every third year" cycle, year 9 is a third tithe year.

Perhaps this table will make it easier to visualize:

Year #	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
7-Year	1	2	third tithe	4	5	third tithe	NO tithe	1	2	third tithe
3-Year	1	2	third tithe	1	2	third tithe	1	2	third tithe	1

See there? In year seven, there should be no tithe at all. In year eight, the 7-year cycle begins again. You will not have a third tithe again until year ten. There is a three-year break from third tithe in there because the system resets.
That is not the same as how an "every third year" cycle works. Armstrongism employs an "every third year" cycle. This is not Biblical!

CONCLUSION

Today we put the third tithe through the patented As Bereans Did gauntlet and ... it survived!!

Turns out the oldest sources I could find - Josephus and Tobit - are all in on the idea. This means that anciently (at least during the Second Temple period) Israel had three distinct tithes.
This is a surprising turn of events. And for anyone of an Armstrongist bent, hopefully this demonstrates the patented gauntlet is aligned true neutral.

That doesn't mean I have nothing to criticize Armstrongism for.

The system claims to demand tithes because of the law. "The law! The law! God's unchanging law!" Bear in mind Armstrongism makes many claims of following the eternal law, but frequently changes or ignores the law.
For example, the law says tithing is a 1/10 not 10%, of the increase not the total gross, and of field, orchard, garden, and flock not money income, but they ignore that. Or, when the law says three tithes not just two, but they ignore that. Or, when the law says there are three pilgrimage holy days not just one, but they changed that. Or, when the law says to whom the tithe should go but the tithe never goes to a Levite because they changed that. Or, when the law says to tithe and give the entire tithe to the needy, but they mostly ignore that. Or, when the law says a tithe-of-a-tithe is to be paid by the Levites to the Aaronic Priests, not by the people in the seats to the Ministry, but they changed that. Or, when the law says to let the land rest every seventh year, which means there can be no tithe that year, but that is entirely ignored. Armstrongism doesn't strictly adhere to any of these laws, just to name a few.
"The law! The law! ...Just not that law."

Why do we tithe? Because the unchanging law says so. But the unchanging law says exactly how to tithe. That law has changed; ignore it.

See?

And, once again I feel compelled to remind you, beloved of God, none of these Old Covenant laws apply in the New Covenant anyway. Laws do not migrate from contract to contract. And none of these laws applied to Gentiles. Gentiles were strangers to that Covenant. Gentiles need not become Jews in order to be Christians.
The New Covenant runs on freewill giving not compulsory tithing. If you opt to tithe for your giving, then tithe, but if you opt not to, then don't let anyone guilt you into tithing. Those who tell you we must all tithe are not tithing in the manner the law demands anyhow. The next time you are told you must tithe, ask if you can pay in tomatoes. I bet that doesn't go over well.

If tithe laws do not apply to us, is there any benefit in them for us? Yes!
At the outset of this article, I said this, "Does tithing set a decent example of giving? Only when properly understood!" A proper understanding is critical. The law was not written to us but it was written for our benefit and edification. Imagine you are sitting on a park bench listening to two people have an interesting conversation. Were they talking to you? No. But can you still benefit? Yes! The laws of tithing taught Israel to depend on God, to thank God, and to be generous to others. Those principles are still good! They are good for us because of the divine principal of Love rather than the Old Covenant law. Though these laws do not apply to us directly, we can still learn their lessons. Let your contemplation of tithe law bear the fruits of faith, thankfulness, and generosity. Faith and Love! It's our calling.

God bless you in this, dear reader!

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It is important that you understand; Everything on this blog is based on the current understanding of each author. Never take anyone's word for it, always prove it for yourself, it is your responsibility. You cannot ride someone else's coattail into the Kingdom. ; )

Acts 17:11

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Eschatological Bias

A friend of mine was discussing Daniel and Revelation, and I just couldn't resist that old familiar urge to dig into prophecy. This is dangerous territory! And just in time for Tabernacles.

First, let's define eschatology. Someone out there might not be familiar with this word. Eschatology is the study of final things, ie. end times. It comes from the Greek word eschatos, which means the farthest or final. Few things are more central to Armstrongism than eschatology, even though most members wouldn't use that word. I think it really is the bread and butter of the whole movement.

Many people have wasted their lives trying to nail prophecy down. I do not recommend it. But this I will recommend - if you simply must dig into end times, then look into as many interpretations as possible and avoid locking yourself into any single one. Know all the possibilities, measure them all, then watch and pray to see which best matches the evidence as we go along. I'm not saying don't have a favorite. I'm just saying keep open the option of being wrong.

I know the natural inclination is to only investigate in order to try and disprove every one except your favorite, but I am not talking about disproving. I am talking about genuinely comparing and contrasting. The problem preventing most of us from doing this boils down to systems, assumptions, and bias. Ditch these three. They aren't doing you any favors.

We tend to get invested in particular eschatological systems; schemes of interpreting Biblical prophecy. Maybe that system is the only one we've ever known. Maybe it's the core of our "one true church" and thus has been elevated to "God's truth". (That is how Armstrongism would feel.) Maybe we simply refuse to review our prior footsteps for whatever reason. That particular system becomes our assumptions. It colors everything we see. We go into everything else with these assumptions. And that is called bias.

What do I mean by "systems"? There are several. They generally focus on two items: the Millennium, and the Tribulation. Are we currently before, within, or after the Millennium and the Tribulation? Or, are they symbolic and don't really exist at all? You can mix and match. Pre-Trib A-Mil, Post-Trib Post-Mil, etc etc. (Armstrongism would fall into pre-Trib Pre-Mil.)
It gets more complicated than this, but I'm not writing a dissertation here. I am just explaining how there are systems.

I ask a very difficult thing of you. There is no way most Armstrongists would so much as entertain the idea of us currently being in the Millennium. They are simply too literal. The church is not the Kingdom of God on earth, they believe, and Jesus is not here, so everything must still be future, and therefore anything pre or current is wiped off the board. The system has become the assumption by which everything else is seen. It is the bias. A bias I was once dialed into myself.
Do you see the assumptions and the bias here? Once dialed-in, a person will force all evidence to fit the system. We use terms like "difficult verses", and we have arguments with others of a different opinion. We tell ourselves how right we are, but deep inside we feel a splinter reminding us something is not quite right after all.

But think for a minute. Given the unbroken track record of prophetic failures going all the way back to Herbert Armstrong predicting the return of Christ in 1936 (we have articles on this, I suggest "All Systems Are Go!"), and given the sheer number of splinter-church members who have their own private views on prophetic interpretation (there is at least one group at every Feast of Tabernacles who everyone knows are the prophecy nerds), therefore perhaps consider the remote possibility that maybe, just maybe, the eschatological system is not so very written in stone after all. Humor me here .... perhaps a reasonable course is to take a look at what other options exist, and why they exist, even though you have a preferred system.

Herbert Armstrong was right sometimes. One thing he was right about was when he said, "A false starting point leads to false conclusions." Or something like that. I paraphrase. At any rate, it's true! He certainly came to many false conclusions because of some false assumption picked up along the way (we have articles on this, too, I suggest "An Inconvenient Plain Truth"). As the shepherd goes, so do the sheep. So, his followers have also come to many false conclusions. How many absolutely certain immediate returns of Christ has Dave Pack alone come up with in just the past couple years? Legion. Yet his dates come and go like the breeze. Why do you suppose that is? Because he has the right equation? The right equation led him to so very many incorrect conclusions? No. Worse still, it's system-wide. These failures have been happening since the Great Disappointment in 1843. Armstrong's system comes directly from William Miller's after all. But look here, it's not just the leadership, like the Packs or the Weinlands or the Thiels. It's the people in the seats, too. I've been hearing over my entire lifetime, "Three or four more years!" Over the years, I've heard more private explanations of prophecy and when Jesus is going to return than I can count. I spent most of my time at the Feast of Tabernacles with the prophecy nerds (and go-karting). Would a fully correct and functional equation keep coming to such incorrect conclusions across the board like this? Or does the evidence cry out to us that there was a false starting point? Would it not make more sense that something somewhere is off? And if so, would it not be reasonable to compare and contrast against other options?

Reviewing isn't the same thing as throwing everything you have in the garbage bin. As we always used to say, "Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater." (I cringe typing that out.) I'm not advocating throwing things out. Quite the opposite! Look, keep your preference. Just understand what alternatives exist and why they exist is all I'm suggesting.

To be bluntly honest with you, I don't know which eschatological system is right any more than anyone else here below. Sure, I have a favorite, but I'm not betting the farm on it. For me to say, "throw out pre-Trib Pre-Mil because it's false," would be to grossly misrepresent my case. I started out saying as much. Read the third paragraph again. Keep your options open. I think that is the best and wisest course. Whichever way it plays out, it would be a shame to be taken off guard because I was staring intently in the wrong direction.

What might really bake your noodle is for me to suggest more than one system could be correct. Because it's possible things could play out in two ways. Think about it. In the Old Covenant period, there was a greater end time, with the statue dream and multiple empires, and there was a final end time in 70-136 AD. That could happen again.

Keep in mind what I've said here many times before: ALL prophetic interpretation is speculation. I'm not against speculation, but I definitely am against elevating speculation into doctrine. Don't let your eschatological systems, assumptions, and bias be your blind spot.

Imago Dei

I have to make a confession. I am a sinner.

Yeah. That is the harsh truth for me. I'm a terrible Christian, so far as it goes. I do things I shouldn't and I don't do things that I should. I am confused on some points. I'm selfish. That's been a pattern in my life. I fail. A lot.

I've spent quite a bit of time writing posts here at As Bereans Did. I write because it helps me process what I've been through and because I hope you find some chunk in it that helps you, too. One thing I keep trying to process is what we call "the Christian walk". Discipleship. Holiness. Sanctification. Repentance. Forgiveness. These words are all part of the life a Christian should lead but usually fails to. At least I fail to. Maybe I shouldn't speak for anyone but myself. I am just assuming you go through the same struggles I do.

But what is the Christian walk anyway? Repentance to what, exactly? The expectations of how a Christian should live are very different in a Sabbatarian group like Armstrongism versus a mainstream Christian group.

For an Armstrongist, the Old Covenant law plays a central role. I oversimplify here, but if you Ten Commandments - and especially Sabbath - hard enough, and tithe and observe holy days just so, then you've done your part. Probably. One can never know for sure. If you mess up, you can repent back into law-keeping. (I will briefly mention the part where, back when Armstrong was still alive, we were told our entire duty was to pay tithes and pray for the work. "Pay, pray, stay" we called it.) In a nutshell, repentance is to Old Covenant law-keeping, and the Christian walk is Old Covenant law-keeping.
You could say much the same for a Catholic (and you might as well throw Orthodox in here as well). The Ten Commandments are still central, with Sunday replacing the Sabbath, of course, and there are a bunch of other rules and regulations besides. Similar to Armstrongism, in Catholicism, following the written rules is critical. What you do and when you do it are all part of the walk. There is confession and penance to readjust a person when they've strayed. In a nutshell, repentance and the Christian walk are both in rule-keeping.
For most Protestants, on the other hand, laws play a much less central role. Their focus is more on faith and love. You'll hear me go on and on about those two words quite a lot. In this way, the walk is less about what you do and more about who you are. This concept is entirely foreign to Armstrongism, and  a difficult one to grasp. You are a Christian because of what Jesus did/does, which is credited to you by your faith and oneness with Him. But even with all this talk about solas and grace, there are still actions you must do or not do. Each denomination has their own list. Repentance and the Christian walk are, well, going back to doing those things.

Believe it or not, this isn't a post on which of these systems is the right way. If you've read this blog, you've probably noticed that I think everyone has right and wrong parts. Rather, what I want to do is share something that helps me and might possibly help you. I share this in hopes it will spark an idea in your mind to make you a better ... whichever you are.

Imago Dei is Latin for "Image of God". It refers to us. It is a lot like the saying, "spirit and image." Like, when someone says, "That boy is the spirit and image of his father." We are in the image of God. Rather, we should be.
When Jesus walked this earth, He said these words:

(JON. 14: 7-9) 7 “If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also; and from now on you know Him and have seen Him.” 8 Philip said to Him, “Lord, show us the Father, and it is sufficient for us.” 9 Jesus said to him, “Have I been with you so long, and yet you have not known Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; so how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 

Jesus is the Word of God. He was the mirror image of the Father in human flesh. Such a perfect reflection that He was able to say, without any falsehood, "He who has seen Me has seen the Father." It's amazing!
THAT is what we are called to do, too. That is the very reason we were created to begin with.

(GEN. 1: 26a) 26 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness...

The term Imago Dei refers to us. You might think it refers mainly to God, and yes God is there obviously, but the main focus of the phrase is us. How we image God. If Jesus is like the Father, and we are like Jesus, then we are like the Father. If A=B and B=C then A=C. Get it?

It's not your physical appearance that makes you an image of God. Herbert Armstrong would say things like, we know God looks like because He made us in His image and likeness. Perhaps. But perhaps not. What I believe this verse is referring to is what Jesus said. When Jesus said, “If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also; and from now on you know Him and have seen Him,” He wasn't referring to physical appearance, or He would have said, "You've always known Him, because you look like Him. Go get a mirror." No, He was referring to the core of His being. He was referring to the nature of God. His love and mercy and patience and charity and sacrifice, etc. When we see how Jesus is, we see how the Father is.

Was He referring to Sabbathing hard enough? Doubtful. The Jews kept the Sabbath and holy days. The Pharisees kept them and Jesus called them "whitewashed tombs" (MAT. 23: 27).
         Some days I feel like a whitewashed tomb.
Jesus did not say, "He who has seen the Torah law has seen the Father."

The Catholic system has tried to map out the Christian walk in detail. Just follow the Catechism and you'll be fine. Have you ever seen a Catechism? It's huge! I get the motivation. Two thousand years of dealing with sinners will make you want to write it all down. I am not against a catechism per se. But I want to offer some constructive criticism. If I were to write down all the people who were bad to me in my life, most of the top ten very worst people on that list would be Catholics. I love the beauty of the Mass. It is beautiful! However, I find it difficult going because of some of the people. I am not the only one with this issue. I know because I have been told in confidence more than once. All those rules in the Catechism and the heart is still not changed. (I am not making a blanket statement about all Catholics.) Back in 2009, I wrote about a friend of mine who left the seminary after years of being on track to becoming a priest. He left, and I summarize, because it was so mechanical and prescribed. It had lost touch with core fundamentals. He remains Catholic but had to leave seminary to regain his humanity. That speaks volumes to me. (I am not making a blanket statement about all priests.)

I think the Protestant system affords too many people to get lost in grace. Or rather, the license they mistake for grace. "Jesus died for our sins and I can have confidence in salvation because I accept His gift." Great!! Don't stop! But, also, be the image of God on earth. There is an old saying, "so heavenly-minded you're no earthly good." There are Protestants out there who feel everything will get sorted out in Heaven. It will! But if that were God's focus, He wouldn't have planted us here on this earth. There are Protestants out there who feel they are saved and now they can do whatever they want. Jesus did not die for us so we can be Hedonists. The Old Covenant law may be gone but righteousness remains - a righteousness apart form the law. There is also an inherent contradiction in certain Protestant systems. Some Protestants say we cannot add anything to grace, meaning works. Works defiles grace, I suppose? Yet every one of them will be happy to let you know what they think sin is and who is going to Hell for their sins. Works enhance grace, I suppose? It can't be both.

Do you track with what I'm trying to get at here? Probably not, because I'm not being clear. Please, let me explain.

Which is the right way? Frankly, I feel they all have good points and bad. This isn't about systems, though, it's about individuals. Be the image of God, in your own life, as you are able. That is the right way. Be His hands and feet in this world. Repent to what? To being the image-bearer of God. Like-minded.

Why am I writing this? Is it because you have so much to learn from me? Pffft! No. Is it because I am such a good example? HA! Hardly! My hope is to point people to Jesus, not to me. If you want to use me as an example, may I suggest labeling it, "What not to do." I write this as a reminder to myself and as an accusation against myself. My own sins accuse me and they confess that God is holy and just. I have failed to be the image of God plenty of times. But there is hope for me yet. The first step is to admit your faults. If faults were money, I'd be filthy rich.

But let this world-weary sinner offer you some hard-earned advice. In whatever system you find yourself, be the image of God.

The Catholics have a prayer called the Confiteor, which means Confessor. I appreciate this prayer, even though I know one line in this will cause my readers to balk at it. (If that line bothers you so much, leave it out.) Do me this one kindness -- try to see the spirit and intent in these words:

I confess to almighty God, and to you, my brothers and sisters, that I have greatly sinned in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done, and in what I have failed to do; through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault; therefore I ask blessed Mary ever-Virgin, all the Angels and Saints, and you, my brothers and sisters, to pray for me to the Lord our God.

Is this not what James said? (JAS. 5: 16) "Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much."

The Orthodox have a prayer called "The Jesus Prayer", which goes like this:

Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.

That's it. Short and sweet. Sometimes less is more.

Do you understand why I would share those prayers? It is not to get you to repeat them over and over.

Confess your sins, pray for each other, repent and go back to being the image of God on earth. Don't follow me, a sinner; follow Jesus, the very mirror image of God. I'll do the same. This is our Christian walk. In whatever system you are currently in, in whatever way you are able, be ....

Imago Dei

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It is important that you understand; Everything on this blog is based on the current understanding of each author. Never take anyone's word for it, always prove it for yourself, it is your responsibility. You cannot ride someone else's coattail into the Kingdom. ; )

Acts 17:11

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Confusion the Great

(MIC. 7: 4) The best of them is like a thorn; their godly are like a thorn bush. Woe to your watchmen; your appointed punishment is on the way. The time of their confusion is now.

Oh man! Here we go. Politics and current events on As Bereans Did. Brace yourself. Run away while you can!

I usually avoid these things here, but every once in a while I find it too compelling to pass up. I did it once back in 2009 with my article "Cultism Abounds". I was reading that again recently and I still agree with it. If anything, it's even more applicable now. As Yoda said, "Now, matters are worse."

Today, I have something for everyone to dislike. I'm pretty good at that. Nobody loves a moderate. I feel the need to talk about a big problem I see in the world. I want to relate it to every sphere I can think of, because it applies to every sphere I can think of. My inspiration is the recent murder of a high-profile conservative in the U.S. and the ongoing battling that has come out of it. (Today's post isn't directly about this. The spectacle is what got me on the soap box.)
More specifically, I am referring to Confusion.

I pray about it almost daily, I've said it many times in other places, and it has been said here before - the main issue in the world today is confusion. I don't care if it's Left or Right, secular or religious, Armstrong or Mainstream, political or scientific or financial or or medical or otherwise, the prevailing condition infecting the world today is confusion. A blinding, debilitating confusion.

And what is another word for confusion? Babylon.

In the Bible and in the Ancient Near East, chaos was personified in the form of terrifying beasts, one of which was Leviathan. Chaos, like these multi-headed, slithering beasts, manifests itself in many ways. I want to highlight two ways: lack of standards and lack of self-awareness.

What do you expect to happen when you throw truth out the window, with some even denying it exists? Strict materialists deny we even have a mind in the traditional sense. Free will is an illusion, generated by colocation of atoms working by order of physics. Were we not warned, and by none other than Nietzsche of all people? "But xHWA!", one will plead, "You mean that 'God is dead' guy??" Yes! The "God is dead" guy. Have you ever actually read what he wrote and tried to understand it? Here read it: Nietzsche, Parable of the Madman.
But you won't, I suppose. Did you? Did you understand it? Did you not see how Nietzsche is desperately trying to find meaning and purpose and something of value in the void?

"What were we doing when we unchained this earth from its sun? Whither is it moving now? Whither are we moving? Away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually? Backward, sideward, forward, in all directions? Is there still any up or down? Are we not straying, as through an infinite nothing? Do we not feel the breath of empty space? Has it not become colder?"

Nietzsche didn't believe in God, but even he could see that without the idea of God, of something bigger than us, there is no anchor to stay us and no star by which to guide the ship. It drove him mad, you know.

Everyone doing everything that crosses their mind. All truth is subjective. All ethics situational. All morality relative. Do you know what happens when morality is relative? Tyranny! Yes. Without an objective standard of morality, and the only thing we have are our own opinions, there are two ways to enforce a standard - convincing people to agree with you, and forcing them to agree with you. Rational argumentation might work with some but not all, and should the movement grow it tends to degenerate into force. This is the tyranny of relativism - without objective moral truth, whoever has the most power to enforce their will upon others gets to define what is right and wrong. Instead of one God, we have eight billion gods, and growing. Try being a collectivist and then going against the collective? Why won't you? See my previous statement.

That is what we see today. Mob rule. Power. Tyranny. Chaos. Confusion.

In my observation, people are behaving like they have no standards. Oh, people talk a lot about standards, like justice and freedom and democracy and safety and equality and rights, but for the most part they don't genuinely mean any of it. People who cry loudest LOVE the things they cry about. They love it! They love injustice and tyranny and hate and fascism and danger and inequality and rights denied ... but only when it comes from their side. When others do these things - greatest evil ever seen in the history of evil!! But when their side does it - wunderbar!!
If you love it when it comes from your side and hate it when it comes from the other side, that has a definition: hypocrisy. "Do what I say, not what I do." Have you considered actually hating these things, no matter who does them?

I have written (to a resounding thud) many times about this. I've said if Armstrongists want to set a standard, then they need to stick to it.
Want to claim, "We only regard what's in the Bible"? Fine and well. Then put away all claims about Nimrod's influence, lost centuries, church eras, Constantine, Nicea, Rome's Challenge, the modern Jewish calendar, Hislop's nonsense, 19-year time cycles, British-Israelism, etc etc etc. None of those things are actually in the Bible. For anyone out there saying, "But the Bible does talk about some of these things," but not to anywhere near the degree they've been taken. Nimrod is in the Bible, but Nimrod starting Catholicism and then Alexander the Great taking it from the Babylonians and handing it to the Greeks is not in the Bible. It's not even in the history books. Yet, that has never stopped a single Hislop fan from repeating his non-Biblical claims as God's own truth.

Want to claim "we need to keep the Ten Commandments"? Fine and well. Then keep the one about Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor (EXO. 20: 16; 23: 1). Stop promoting lies that have long since been proven lies. Stop quoting only the parts of a story that you prefer while leaving out the rest. Stop purposefully misrepresenting the beliefs of others. Stop falsely accusing your fellow Christians. Stop accusing faithful Christians of being pagan based on false information.
Those are just two examples of many!

And so it is in so many other arenas these days.

I was asked what I think about the entertainer Jimmy Kimmel being indefinitely removed from his television show. I responded, what's good for the goose is good for the gander. If there is a standard, then have a standard. He should be treated the same as others should be. (This seemed to please some people.) Then I continued, if people should be cancelled then cancel him, but cancel everyone by the same measure. But if we complain when people we like are canceled, then he should not be. It shouldn't be one way for one group (Roseanne Barr and Dave Chappell) and another way for another group (Jimmy Kimmel and The View). Make the choice. (This seemed to displease those same people.)
If Donald Trump should order the FCC to revoke broadcast licenses for bias, then good and well. Revoke the license for Fox, too. Else, don't revoke at all. Find some other means to fix the issue. An equitable and fair means. Bias needs to be addressed when it gets out of hand, but don't address bias with another bias. Or worse, claim to be addressing bias but by halves. (Hypocrisy.)

And what is the other side always waiting for (regardless of whom 'the other side' is)? Vengeance. "You just wait until we are back in power!" See? Loves the things they say they hate. I jokingly describe it as, "I hate people who hate!" See the irony there? If you hate people who hate, then you are a person that hates.
Cue the excuses and self-justifications.

People are beyond my comprehension. I can't believe we survive as a species. There has to be a God or we'd have died out long ago. Problem is, I am a people.

This is why I try very hard never to pray for justice. All I am doing is praying for my own condemnation. I deserve justice. I do! And that means I deserve to be condemned by a righteous God. Because I have sinned and I have earned it. No, I pray for mercy, forgiveness, and for the Lord to remember His covenant with His people. One of the hardest things I have ever done in my entire life was to pray this for my enemies. A person close to me did me very, very wrong. Affected every facet of my life, including this blog, and will continue to do so for the rest of my life here. Though inside I screamed and cried and plotted for revenge, and I am still angry, I had to deny myself and give vengeance to the Lord. I set a standard as one of living by faith and now I had to live by it, or else by getting my way I would condemn myself. Jesus never said following Him would be easy.

Along with no standards comes no self-awareness.
People seem utterly incapable of understanding what they are doing anymore. They are blind to their double-standards. I might poke fun with commentary like, "I hate people who hate!", but is that not so? And are people not repaying hate with more hate? And are they not patting themselves on the back for how good they are? Do they not excuse themselves when someone points this out?

I read that U.S. Congressman Jerry Nadler just complained that demonizing people puts people in danger. His real point was that since people demonize him that he is in danger. Typical politician. Self-serving to the last. What is he really saying? "I can't defend my positions logically, so I hope painting your position as dangerous and myself as a victim will get me out of the need to be held accountable." That is what he's really saying. It's called DARVO. But is a Congressman who barely goes out of doors without a security detail close by really in much danger? Congress just gave themselves $10k per month for personal security. Tell me that story again about how Nadler is unsafe.
Demonizing people does put people in danger. It's true! Always has and always will. So, don't do it.

Are you inwardly complaining that I haven't also blamed "the other side" as well? Don't go to that "so's your old man" bit. I blame everyone! I started out this post as much. I don't see the point in going over every example in some attempt to be fair. People don't want fair, they want affirmation. So, the example of Nadler will suffice for today. Thinking of reasons "the other side" is unfair serves my point - because it's probably right, they probably are. But pointing out how dirty the plate is doesn't make the cup any cleaner.
Personally, I don't accept "they did it too!" as any kind of excuse. I don't accept it from my kids or myself, and the teachers I had didn't accept it from me when I did it.

No standards. No self-awareness. No accountability at all. No truth. No roots. No foundational, guiding philosophy. No mercy. Mob rule. Tyranny. Chaos. Confusion. That is Babylon the Great today. And we're all soaking in it.

That's why I still believe in end-times. Not because of nuclear proliferation or European Unions or lost tribes or time cycles or eras or any of that doomsday cultery. Because of Babylon. Because of Confusion. Because of Chaos, symbolized by beasts. Even the church is carried away by it. Spirits generally war in the realm of ideas and principles. If Satan has been released and is overcoming the faithful (REV. 20: 7-8), then this might just be it. (Yes, I fully realize Armstrongists will reject my reference to Rev. 20 right there. But that is for another post.)
Satan is overcoming. By and large, what good has Christianity been lately? Some good, sure! Here and there. The light yet shines. But I mean in general. Too caught up in money and politics and scandal and infighting and ancient rivalries and winning a proselyte only to make them twice the child of Hell as themselves. (God forgive me for using such strong language against my fellow Christians.)

It's this modern world, I say. It's Babylon.

(REV. 18: 4-6) 4 Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, “Come out of her, my people, so you will not take part in her sins and so you will not receive her plagues, 5 because her sins have piled up all the way to heaven and God has remembered her crimes. 6 Repay her the same way she repaid others; pay her back double corresponding to her deeds. In the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her..."

Nietzsche was right. And so was Paul (II TIM. 3: 1-5).

Want to come out of her? Realize you're in her. Take accountability for your own part in all this. Have a standard and stick to it. Apply the same standards to yourself and "us" as you do "them". But first, learn the lesson of Nietzsche and put God back at the center - and accept the Gospel. It's the best way I can think of to start. "Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to My voice.", (John 18: 37b). Become a disciple and mirror the Teacher. No point in morality if it's just more of the same self-righteous situational ethics that we forget when it's convenient and which gets us nowhere.

(ISA. 27: 1) At that time the Lord will punish with his destructive, great, and powerful sword Leviathan the fast-moving serpent, Leviathan the squirming serpent; he will kill the sea monster.

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It is important that you understand; Everything on this blog is based on the current understanding of each author. Never take anyone's word for it, always prove it for yourself, it is your responsibility. You cannot ride someone else's coattail into the Kingdom. ; )

Acts 17:11

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Layers of Deception

As I said in my last post, "Some Background On Hislop", I have been reading Ronald Hutton's "Blood and Mistletoe: The History of Druids in Britain". The book devotes several chapters to deeply investigating the development of Druidism in the United Kingdom starting in the 1600s. Something occurred to me while reading it. It has to do with legitimizing something false by layering on. I think this applies to Armstrongism in many areas.

What do I mean? Let's say I write an essay about a topic and I use some truths but I embellish heavily with my own imagination. Then, let's say someone else reads my essay and uses it as a reference in their own essay where they also embellish with their own imagination. That happens a few times more until it gets to you. By that point, I look like a serious and reliable source.
But am I?

That's what happened in the book. One author writes something ridiculous based on half truths. Another reads that and gets inspired to take things a step farther. That goes on and on until two centuries later people are building societies and traditions based on old sources whose claims were mostly imaginary. There was even a person in the 1800s who came along and wrote critically about the whole thing. That person was dismissed.

This is all very similar to how so-called "intelligence" agencies use misinformation to bring about certain desired results. Just for example, the FBI might want a result, so they take a partial truth embellished with plenty of imagination and "leak" that to a media outlet. The media outlet publishes the misinformation as fact, citing an anonymous source. The FBI then turns around and uses the media outlet as their evidence in courts and elsewhere. The media published it, and they are a trustworthy source, so it must be true. Even though the information is fake, the information appears legitimate because it was layered.
It's like money laundering, but with information. False information.

This is the same kind of thing we see in Armstrongism and elsewhere. Alexander Hislop, or J. H. Allen, or C. T. Russel, or Ellen G. White, or G. G. Rupert, or A. N. Dugger and C. O. Dodd, or Steven M. Collins, or whomever you've got, will get some ball rolling. Any ball. Doesn't matter which, except to say it's not accurate. That gets picked up by someone inside the Armstrong-o-sphere, maybe someone like Herman Hoeh, or maybe even Herbert Armstrong himself, and published. That legitimizes things. Then, going forward, all you really need to do is quote that prior church literature. BAM! Doctrinal truth.

Now, you can't be a member and go against it. Do you hate God's church? Do you hate God's prophet? Do you hate God's truth? You seem like you have a spirit of pride. (Anyone viewed as a troublemaker in church has a 'spirit of' something). Perhaps you should stay home from church for the next few weeks and pray about this.
Do continue to tithe during this time, though. Thanks.

So, most people will not go against it. Ralph Woodrow read Alexander Hislop and decided to write his own book supporting and enhancing Hislop's claims. He was challenged about it. He decided to do something very different: he fact checked himself. He found out he was way off. He wrote an entirely new book destroying his earlier book. Guess what. People won't read it! Some people still cite Woodrow's first book even though the very author says it was all garbage. They don't care.

Let me ask you - at what point is a falsehood "God's truth"? Was it when it was first written? Or when it was borrowed (usually without credit)? Or when it was copied as a reliable reference later on? Or was it when it was repeated often enough? How many of these steps must we go through before something that starts out as not true becomes "God's truth"?
I don't think it ever becomes God's truth. And they say I am the problem.

How would a church member know what they're being fed is untrue? Certainly, the church isn't going to admit that. It comes from blogs like this one and others. The formers. The haters. The wounders. (Read the post "The Stab of Pain and Grief" over at the God Cannot Be Contained blog.) The troublemakers whom the church accuses of just being here to fight against God's work and His prophet. Again, not true! What is the conscientious member to do? It's not like they can admit they read formers' material. They can't share it. They can't just do nothing with it, either.

Do you see how this works, the layers?

I can't really speak for any of the other former's blogs or websites, etc, but so far as As Bereans Did goes, we have never tried to just cause trouble. All we've ever done is investigate what we've been told and report back on what we've found. We even admit when Armstrong was right. Sometimes he was. And we've tried our best to provide sources so you can retrace our steps on your own. We gave ourselves permission to ask questions. That's what we did. I recommend you do the same. Won't be easy! But it'll be worth it.

I have one last thing I want to say.

While reading Hutton's book, it became clear to me that the reason so many people created or consumed fantastical claims from the 1600s forward is because people simply did not know any better. If you read this post and think, "Well, duhh. This is so simplistic and obvious. Why bother writing this pablum?", then go in peace. If you have already learned why good sources and verifying claims is important to finding truth, then this post is beneath you. Not everyone knows this, though. It isn't instinctual in our species. I see examples all around the internet (not just in religious contexts) where people have no idea what a good source is, or what a well-formed argument is, or what a logical fallacy is, and etc. The other day, I saw a guy say, "False," and he really thought that was a solid argument. That was literally all he wrote. He refused to provide any support for his claim. When he finally did, he posted a video that contradicted him. That right there is a person who needs to learn how to research. This post is for people who don't recognize the layers. I am not trying to be condescending in this post, but I do hope something here is helpful.

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It is important that you understand; Everything on this blog is based on the current understanding of each author. Never take anyone's word for it, always prove it for yourself, it is your responsibility. You cannot ride someone else's coattail into the Kingdom. ; )

Acts 17:11

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Some Background On Hislop

I do apologize that today's post will be academic and boring. I never enjoy boring, but sometimes I find it useful.

Last year, I purchased a couple books by historian Ronald Hutton. I wanted to learn more about Halloween and Christmas, mistletoe and druids, and other such homely things long condemned in the extreme by Armstrongism. Turns out, as usual, we have been lied to by those busybody purveyors of paganism in the Church of God splinters (for example, read the posts "Samhain Was Not On October 31" and "Misinformed on Mistletoe").
Lately, I have been reading Hutton's "Blood and Mistletoe: The History of Druids in Britain". It is a difficult book, with long, tedious tracts of background information about authors since the 1600s who contributed to our [mis]understanding of Druids. It is packed with information. It was intentionally thorough, but its thorough nature makes it dry and laborious. By sheer force of will and natural stubbornness I am determined to finish it. I am only halfway through. Pray for me.
But it is not a bad book so far as it goes. Actually, it has some fantastic insights.

A curious thing occurred to me as I read it - this material applies to Alexander Hislop.

You might remember Alexander Hislop from such things as "The Two Babylons: Papal Worship Proved To Be the Worship of Nimrod And His Wife" - one of the most ridiculous pieces of anti-historical nonsense ever to waste paper and ink. A good amount of the garbage that came from Herbert Armstrong and "the most accurately informed historian in the world" Herman Hoeh was predicated on the toxic sludge left for us by Hislop.

Hislop was a Presbyterian minister who joined the Free Church of Scotland in 1843. Presbyterians and all Protestants are considered "daughters of the harlot church" (re. REV. 17: 5) by Armstrongism, and condemned. This one man gets a pass for purely utilitarian reasons. Notice that date there - 1843. What else was happening then? Why William Miller's Great Disappointment, of course. The 1800s were bad years for Christendom.
Hislop did consider the Catholic Church a harlot, but did not associate himself with being a daughter of it. His entire book was a condemnation of the Roman Catholic system. This was par for the course in the early 1800s. Hislop was not by any means alone. He was a product of his time. That is what Ronald Hutton's book makes clear.

In Hutton's book, he reviews several historians beginning in the 1600s who were instrumental in the study of the Druids of the British Isles. Hutton walks us through who these authors were, what their lives were like, who they knew, who inspired them, and other such details so that we can understand why they wrote what they did. Patterns emerge.

The authors of the 1600s were like babes in the woods. They had nothing to go on but ancient writers like Pliny and Julius Caesar, a scant few stone henges sticking out of the ground, some folklore, and the Bible. Every missing detail was filled in by pure imagination. But that wasn't abnormal in those days. That's how most everyone did most everything. It's not like the science of archeology was there to guide them.
The authors of the 1700s had the exact same resources, now colored by the fancies of earlier writers. Their main take was that the Druids were isolated and therefore kept a more pure form of the one true ancient religion of Noah's day. They lacked the divine revelation given to the Hebrews, but otherwise kept Noah's religion better than anyone else had. There was a sense of national pride here. That Britannia could be the home of such noble savages was uplifting to the national spirit. It was a tool to unify the United Kingdom yet provide a way to remain attached to old customs of Saxony, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales before they disappeared. It was also a poke in the eye of the Catholics. After Queen Elizabeth I solidified England as Protestant, and after the civil war "of three nations", the divide between Protestants and Catholics was growing. Anything and everything was fair game to use against Catholicism.
The authors of the 1800s yet had the same resources, yet again colored by earlier writers, but the Industrial Revolution and contact with the Far East afforded by the British Empire was changing their view of the Druids. In Wales and Ireland, the Druids maintained their positive perception, but in England, rather than a pure and proud people, the Druids were seen as murderous and thoroughly corrupt. The Druids were no better than the easterners who practiced head hunting, human sacrifice, and other various cruelties of rank paganism. These points were all used against Catholicism, but they had now begun to be used against Protestantism as well. Any organized and influential ministry was becoming fair game.

Bear in mind, none of these people knew what the Druids actually did outside of the details left by the Romans. Few of them actually trusted the Romans. Roman renditions were more likely propaganda than they were honest telling of wrote fact. We still today know barely more than they did and we still use mostly the same resources. We might know the stone henges predated the Druids by quite some time, but we don't know what the Druids did with them, if anything. We still have people who fill in the blanks with wild imagination. And we still use what we find in games of religious one-upmanship.
The more things change....

But here is what I've been driving at --
You might see in here the seeds of Alexander Hislop's approach. For example, Catholic bashing, an ancient single religion, beliefs and practices from the Middle East coming to Britain, precise details conjured from imagination built upon scant facts, and etc. You might also see in here the seeds of ideas such as we find in "The United States and Britain In Propehcy" - a book Herbert Armstrong plagiarized from J. H. Allen's "Judah's Scepter and Joseph's Birthright". (We have articles on this. Go to the Categories page and look for British-Israelism.)

The notion that Alexander Hislop knew what he was talking is laughable. Babylon wasn't even unearthed yet and the language barely translated by the time he finished his book. Serious scholars were calling him out from the very beginning. He had very little facts to rely on and none of his claims line up with what we have learned since. Why would he do this? Why would he make things up whole cloth like this? Why would he fill entire books with little other than fanciful imaginations?
Because that's what most people did back then! They filled in details with imagination and attacked the Catholics with it. Hislop is a product of his time.

And why would Armstrongism give him a pass to this day; to this very minute ignoring everything that has been proven over and over and over again to be false? Because it's convenient.
God's truth? Not even close.

Let this be a lesson to use only the most reliable sources and to employ older material only with utmost caution.

I don't condemn Hislop. If we were born then and there, we'd probably be doing much the same things. I don't like this silly notion of moral superiority based on what time we live in. He wasn't evil. He did what he thought was right given what resources he had. It's just that the result of his works are entirely destructive. It's the works, not the man, that I criticize here. He is almost as much a victim of this as we are. His works should have been forgotten but they were abused by charlatans and false prophets.
Herbert Armstrong, on the other hand, knew good and well what he was doing and was a liar and a thief on purpose. Knowingly. Willfully. I will not extend him this same courtesy. To him, or to the present-day leadership in the COGs who have every resource at their fingertips to right past wrongs but refuse because it's too convenient to their bank accounts.

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It is important that you understand; Everything on this blog is based on the current understanding of each author. Never take anyone's word for it, always prove it for yourself, it is your responsibility. You cannot ride someone else's coattail into the Kingdom. ; )

Acts 17:11

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